The investment model of commitment is an important theory in relationship psychology proposed by Rusbult to predict the stability of intimate relationships. It believes that satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size together determine an individual’s commitment level to a relationship. Higher commitment leads to higher stability of the relationship. Key factors include satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, investment size, commitment level, exit behavior, voice behavior, loyalty behavior, accommodation behavior, attachment style, self-disclosure, joint activities, etc. Using this model can help individuals and couples better understand relationship dynamics and improve relationship quality.
Satisfaction level and rewards drive relationship commitment
The higher the satisfaction level, the more rewards obtained, and the more positive emotions in a relationship, the higher the commitment level will be. Unrealistic expectations can reduce satisfaction. Obtaining rewarding feelings from a partner through positive communication and care is crucial.
Quality of alternatives lowers dependence and commitment
The better one’s alternatives to a current relationship are for fulfilling needs, the less dependent one is on the relationship, and the lower one’s commitment will be. Committed partners tend to ignore attractive alternatives and derogate tempting alternatives.
Investment size raises exiting costs and commitment
The more investments made into a relationship in terms of time, emotions, joint property, privacy disclosure, friends, memories etc., the greater the costs of exiting, and the higher the commitment.
Attachment style differences lead to commitment differences
People with secure attachment are more willing to commit due to higher trust. Avoidant attached people fear dependence so they don’t commit easily. Anxious attached people desire commitment but fear abandonment.
Promptly resolving conflicts improves relationship development
Accommodating a partner’s negative behavior may maintain short-term peace but hurts long-term development. Promptly resolving every conflict with constructive communication promotes growth.
The investment model believes satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size together shape an individual’s dependence on and commitment to a relationship. Higher commitment generally indicates higher chances of persistence. Analyzing these key factors can help predict stability and guide improvement for intimate relationships.